Here is a report produced by the Royal Society that you
might like to read.
Rapid and widespread
changes in the world’s human population, coupled with unprecedented levels of
consumption present profound challenges to human health and well being, and the
natural environment. The report (above) gives an overview of how global
population and consumption are linked, and the implications for a finite
planet.
Key recommendations include:
1. The international community must bring
the 1.3 billion people living on less than $1.25 per day out of absolute
poverty, and reduce the inequality that persists in the world today. This
will require focused efforts in key policy areas including economic
development, education, family planning and health.
2. The most developed and the emerging
economies must stabilise and then reduce material consumption levels
through: dramatic improvements in resource use efficiency, including: reducing
waste; investment in sustainable resources, technologies and infrastructures;
and systematically decoupling economic activity from environmental impact.
3. Reproductive health and voluntary family
planning programmes urgently require political leadership and financial
commitment, both nationally and internationally. This is needed to
continue the downward trajectory of fertility rates, especially in countries
where the unmet need for contraception is high.
4. Population and the environment should not
be considered as two separate issues. Demographic changes, and the influences
on them, should be factored into economic and environmental debate and planning
at international meetings, such as the Rio+20 Conference on Sustainable
Development and subsequent meetings.
Other recommendations made in the
report focus on: the potential
for urbanisation to reduce material consumption, removing
barriers to achieve high-quality primary and secondary education for all, undertaking
more research into the interactions between consumption, demographic change and
environmental impact, implementing
comprehensive wealth measures, developing
new socio-economic systems.
The 21st century is a
critical period for people and the planet.
The global population reached 7 billion during 2011 and United Nations
projections indicate that it will reach between 8 and 11 billion by 2050. Human impact on the earth raises serious
concerns, and in the richest parts of the world per capita material consumption
is far above the level that can be sustained for everyone in a population of 7
billion or more. This is in stark
contrast to the world’s 1.3 billion poorest people, who need to consume more to
be raised out of extreme poverty.
The report goes on to say that the highest fertility rates
are now seen primarily in the least developed countries while the lowest fertility
rates are seen in the more developed countries. This fact has a significant flow-on
effect in the poorer areas, in the ability of families to feed, educate and
provide the basic necessities of life for their off spring.
Developing countries will be building
the equivalent of a city of a million people every five days from now to 2050.
The continuing and rapid growth of the urban population is having a marked
bearing on lifestyle and behaviour: how and what they consume, how many
children they have and the type of employment they undertake. Urban planning is essential to avoid the
spread of slums, which are highly deleterious to the welfare of individuals and
societies.
The Royal Society, a fellowship of the worlds most eminent scientists, seek a more equitable future for humanity where consumption levels between developed and developing nations is rebalanced alongside a stabilisation of the worlds population by voluntary methods.